
In 1988, the Dukes hired former Davidson and Maryland head coach Lefty Driesell to lead the program. The Dukes replaced Thurston with interim head coach Tom McCorry to finish the 1988 season. Carrier announced that Thurston's contract would not be renewed at the end of the season and Thurston resigned hours later. However, with a 6–11 start to the 1988 season, James Madison University President Ronald E. Thurston successfully turned the program around in his second season at the helm, guiding the Dukes to a 20–10 record, a berth in the National Invitation Tournament, and was named Colonial Athletic Association Coach of the Year. Thurston had previously served as an assistant coach under Campanelli with the Dukes since 1975. John Thurston was hired as the fourth head coach of the James Madison Dukes men's basketball team in 1985.

Campanelli finished at James Madison with a record of 238–118. Lou Campanelli was hired as the head coach at California in 1985. The Dukes would win a game in each of the Dukes’ following appearances in the NCAA Division I tournament under Campanelli, and lost by two points to eventual national champions University of North Carolina in the second round of the 1982 tournament. In the Dukes' first ever appearance in the NCAA Division I tournament in 1981, Campanelli coached the team to a win over Georgetown. Campanelli coached the Dukes to two NCAA Division II basketball tournaments and then three NCAA Division I basketball tournaments after the school transitioned from Division II to Division I. Taking over as the James Madison head coach in 1972, Lou Campanelli led the Dukes program for thirteen years (1972-1985). Ehlers hired Lou Campanelli following the season, but remained at James Madison as the A.D. The program was guided by new Administrative Director Dean Ehlers for the 1971–1972 season.

The Dukes were led by Cleve Branscum during the team's first two seasons, compiling a record of 20–17. The 1969–1970 season was the first as a varsity intercollegiate program. The James Madison Dukes men's basketball team was founded in 1945, but was not a fully developed program until the late 1960s as James Madison University became a fully coeducational institution. The Dukes play their home games at the on-campus Atlantic Union Bank Center which seats 8,500 fans and opened in November 2020.

The Dukes are led by head coach Mark Byington. The school, a member of Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association, joined the Sun Belt Conference on Jafter having been a member of the Colonial Athletic Association since that league's establishment in 1979. The James Madison Dukes men's basketball team is the intercollegiate men's basketball program representing James Madison University in Harrisonburg, Virginia.
